Deep foundations are designed to transfer load through unsuitable subsurface layers to suitable bearing strata. One of the key advantages of deep foundations is their ability to withstand significant lateral loads. When deep foundations are installed through a soil deposit undergoing consolidation, the resulting relative downward movement of the soil around piles induces "downdrag" forces on the piles. If embankments are placed adjacent to deep foundations, as in the case of bridge abutments, “lateral squeeze” effects can induce significant unbalanced lateral forces on deep foundations. In loose, collapse-susceptible soils, moisture-induced soil collapse can exert significant lateral effects on deep foundations. Seismic events can generate lateral spread and liquefaction-related ground deformations. Adjacent excavations can induce differential lateral forces on deep foundations. This workshop presents a lateral analysis of deep foundations and methods for evaluating induced ground deformations in their design. The presentation will be based on the latest (2020) version of the Bridge Design Specifications (BDS) based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) platform of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, which is a key component of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidelines for deep foundations. Information from AASHTO’s latest (2020) Guide Specification for Service Life Design will also be presented.
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